Monday, October 5, 2009

Social Ecology vs Deep Ecology

I am not certain whether Bookchin is criticizing basic deep ecology or what deep ecology developed into. For example, the abstract connections to the environment discussed by Naess in his essay ecosophy T aren’t included in the eight basic principles of deep ecology as listed in Devall and Sessions. However, if Naess’s philosophy is always presented with deep ecology they become entwined. Regardless, I have to agree with Bookchin on a couple of things. First, deep ecology’s advocacy of population control is troubling. While they do not use those words, principle four in Duvall and Sessions implies that such a thing is necessary. Population control is out of place in a theory that is asking people to see the value in and cease from harming all living things. If humans should value and cease from harming all life, isn’t it then wrong to discuss methods of active population control? Or is it that we are supposed to be passive and value even the aspects of nature that take life (disease, etc)? It seems imperialistic to say so because it is the underdeveloped third world countries that would be affected most and they as people are not any less valuable than people in overdeveloped western countries.
I also agree with Bookchin’s main point that deep ecology doesn’t address the social issues that are the root of the ecological crisis. The main social force he sees as a root is capitalism. Deep ecology does not address capitalism as an issue and is an impossible solution in a nation/world run dominantly by such a system. Capitalism is a selfish hierarchical structure that is constantly working to maximize profits and minimize production costs by allocating cheap resources. Doing what is environmentally or ecologically responsible is currently costly meaning that corporations and big businesses typically have no interest in being environmentally responsible. Because environmental abuse is intrinsic in capitalism, I agree with Bookchin that a social ecology that would address such issues is necessary.

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